“Cars have a very regular pattern with the way they move, whereas when people are riding bicycles they change between either acting like cars on the side of the road,” says Rowe, an associate engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University. “They might switch and become pedestrians and go up on the sidewalks. They tend to move in a slightly more erratic way. It’s much harder to predict.”

Rowe wants to make it possible for bikes to feed information to cars, now and in the fully autonomous future. “What we’re trying to do is put as much instrumentation on a bike as we can to see if we can predict how it’s going to move in the future, so that it could, for example, signal a collision warning system on a car,” he says.