Some taxi businesses have allowed customers to hail a cab with apps for years. But ride-hailing services upped the game on what transportation apps could do. They allowed users to pay directly through the app, but perhaps the greatest distinguishing factor they introduced is showing a flat fare in advance, contrary to the metered trips in taxis…

In addition to apps dedicated to one specific taxi business, there has been a rise in universal cab-hailing apps that include all the different taxi fleets within a city. For instance, three years ago Chicago made it mandatory for all cab drivers to make themselves available through a universal cab-hailing app, with the city claiming it was the first to make this move.
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